Outsider Art - Is It Really Art?

What actually is art? Give me ten people and I'll giverenowned folk artist painting such countryside favorites
you ten different definitions of the word. What itas "This Old Checkered House in Winter" which was
means to you is as unique to you as your fingerprints.the subject of many paintings, one of which was
But who's to say what qualifies as art, or fine art?appraised on "Antiques Roadshow" in 2004 for
What distinguishes the art of Jean Michel Basquiat$60,000. Several of her paintings have appeared on
from Rembrandt van Rijn? Besides the timeHallmark holiday cards.
differences, each artist's art have been met withEarlier we have Horace Pippin, born in my local area in
different types of criticism. Was one art, and the otherWest Chester in 1888, who painted "Giving Thanks"
just crummy art? Who's to say?and "Domino Players." Even earlier in France, there
What we can say though is there is an unmistakablewas Henri Rousseau, with his dream-like
mainstream art circuit with art dealers and galleries,representations of jungles and jungle animals.
critics and fine artists with or without their MFA's.All of these artists could have been considered Naive
Sometimes this crowd can be quite pretentious andpainters because they were self-taught and their
judges art in its own way, usually following the naturalpaintings possessed a child-like quality to them. This
cycles of fads and trends. What's hip today may bedoesn't mean all Naive painters had no formal
tomorrow's old news. That's just how it is.education, but as it relates to Outsider Art it generally
But true art and artistry can be found everywhere.does. In modern times there is no stigma attached to
Wherever there is creativity there is art. You don'tthis genre of art.
need to hang around in posh upper class galleries andChildren's Art
drink expensive wine to be a real artist.I talked about how children learn art in my article
Jean Dubuffet and Art BrutLearning Art. The way we learn as we grow up and
"Art Brut" in French literally means "rough" or "raw" art.experiment with art starts out with an expression
This was translated to "Outsider Art" in English. It wasclose to ancient societies' art. For example, in ancient
started by the painter and sculptor Jean Dubuffet toEgyptian wall paintings you will find people in a row side
describe art that is outside of the official art culture. Heby side with no overlap. Children would express the
knew the value of art which normally doesn't hang onsame type of thing when they draw people in a crowd
gallery walls but nonetheless should be recognized andnext to each other in a row instead of showing any
not necessarily written off as lesser art.signs of overlap. The way they see it, if someone's
Dubuffet mainly focused on the art of the mentally ill inarm looks as if it disappears into the back of another
insane asylums. One particularly noteworthy exampleperson, this makes no visual sense. You wouldn't really
was Adolf Wolfli. As a mental patient diagnosed withsee a person's arm actually going inside someone else,
psychosis, he was an extremely prolific artist creatingso why would one draw it that way.
epic novels of 45 volumes with over 25,000 pagesThe same is true for people in buildings. When a child
and 1600 illustrations. With minimal resources he woulddraws a person inside a building, they wouldn't show a
slowly create work after work with only one pencilface looking out from a window, because this would
and two sheets of paper a week at his disposal. Thismean there is simply a floating head in a window sill. If
meant drawing on tiny bits of paper, using small stubsanything their art was more true to reality, than to
of pencils, and anything he could find or beg off ofaesthetics and perspective.
people to get his work done.One funny recent story which raises the question of
Wolfli's work was often characterized asthe authority of art dealers is a woman selling her
"schizophrenic art" with obsessive symmetry,son's scribble paintings as priceless works of modern
ornamental patterns, reduced depth. Every piece ofart. She didn't tell the dealers her son was 6 or 7 years
the paper is covered, leaving no white or empty space.old and the paintings were more or less doodles.
Another similar work is by the psychiatric patientNonetheless the dealers saw the "genius" of them and
Friederich Schroder, who drew the "Swan Doll's Dancebought them top dollar.
of Death." With a perfect mirror symmetry down theIf anything is to be learned from children and from
middle, the drawing shows a monster with a grotesquechild-like naive paintings is that art can be appreciated
smile wearing a crown and holding his arms curvingfor art's sake. It doesn't have to be perfect and it
downward with birds' heads for hands, combiningcertainly does not need the approval of avant garde
animal with man.art experts. Art can be found in the small crafts of
Naive and Primitive ArtistsChristmas Kitsche statues, the scribbles of prisoners
Dubuffet was working with the mentally ill artists, whileand psychiatric patients and even the finger paintings
"Outsider Art" outside of France was known to be aof gorillas. Art should be appreciated for what it is, and
much more general term. It included not just thewhat's its attempting to be.
psychotic art, but also naive, self-taught, and primitiveWhether it's good art, bad art, crummy art, children's
art as well. On the American scene in the early to midart, "Outsider Art" is still art.
twentieth century we had Grandma Moses, the