Family Lawyers and Legal Assistants As Front Line Crisis Responders Need Crisis Intervention Skills

Steven Keeva reminds us in Transforming Practices:situations, they can help clients clarify priorities, link to
Finding Joy and Satisfaction in the Legal Life that "[t]oother helping resources, and both lawyers and clients
the extent that you enter it as a calling, the practice ofcan become more efficient and goal oriented.
law is about hunger - the hunger for resolution; forâEUR¨âEUR¨In considering the role
healing the lives of individuals,... and communities; forof attorneys, scholars and counselors have suggested
enabling society to function harmoniously andthat it properly includes empathy and guidance,
productively; and ultimately, for justice."resembling what crisis workers call "psychological first
Family law attorneys are litigators within an oftenaid." A three-step process has been designed to help
radically adversarial setting. Clients who seek us outattorneys facilitate disclosure of relevant information in
find themselves deeply within the throes of wrenchingorder to formulate a strategy for providing help.
emotional disequilibrium. Our training has conditioned us* Encouraging the client to express concerns and
largely to believe that achieving the relative justice thatemotional reactions (this assists the client in describing
client reactivity demands is our calling. The fact thatthe situation).
we are able to command outrageous sums to assist* Thorough empathetic listening enables attorneys to
our clients subtly reinforces a blindness to the morehelp clients acknowledge emotions
positive opportunities that our roles position us for. We* After this, the attorney may begin to develop and
may confuse a transcendent "hunger for resolution"verify problem-solving theories based upon what has
with actualizing or even capitalizing upon our client'sbeen learned.
stated aims for outcomes that are not at allIt is essential that attorneys help evaluate alternatives
transcendent for them.in dealing with the problem, and in order to accomplish
Remembering that clients are uniformly in crisis - tothis, attorneys need to actively listen and respond to
such an extent that they will deposit with us largethese feelings rather than focusing merely upon the
retainers borrowed on credit cards or from familyfacts. The attorney's role is to establish rapport
members in amounts that parties not in divorce might(support must be developed and feelings explored
never otherwise consider spending - is more abefore any real progress can be made). In order to
reflection of the participant's distress than the fact ofhandle cases efficiently, attorneys need to understand
how "good' a lawyer we are. This can seduce us intothe motives, personality structure, and unconscious
valuing ourselves more in terms of the fees we canthoughts in order to 'expose' the unconscious material
demand and receive then those we earn or forego, orfrom what appears to be a confused
in admitting our obligation to guide clients responsibly,client.âEUR¨âEUR¨
and in so doing "enabling society to functionFrom a lawyer's point of view, it is both practical and
harmoniously and productively." Each of us mustefficient in the long run to deal directly with the
decide for ourselves whether to pander to clientemotions which a client brings. The time saved sticking
reactivity. Like most symbiotic relationships, ironically,to the legal objective and objective legal facts is likely
our fate as human beings who happen to be lawyersto be lost if the client confuses facts with feelings.
is dependent upon the experience of those we wouldCounseling approaches that can be utilized by lawyers
serve. Understanding the effects of crisis, and thein helping clients in crisis situations include:
consequences of failing to address crisis constructively,* Communicating effective concern
offers one path to redemption for lawyers and clients.* Allowing the client to express feelings
It offers a way out of the burn out that the crisis of* Exploring the precipitating event (that brings the client
dealing with people in crisis may cause.to the lawyer)
For many people the experience of divorce is one of* Examining past coping efforts to similar problems
the most difficult and traumatic crises that they will* Focusing on the immediate problem
ever encounter. With 50% of first marriages and 65%* Helping the client develop a cognitive understanding
of second marriages in this country ending in divorce, itof the problem
is also one of the most common. Feelings of fear,* Seeking practical solutions
helplessness, confusion, inadequacy, anxiety, hurt, and* Structuring a plan for action
exhaustion are normal. The failure to skillfully manage* Making appropriate referrals to mental health
these feelings and to apply a solutions focusedproviders and others
approach to resolving legal disputes can seriouslyIn order to make psychological contact with clients:
impede a person's wellbeing and present and future* Both facts and feelings need to be addressed
functioning within their families, at work, and in social* If feelings are ignored, it is very likely that the client will
relationships. The stress of relationship break up canpresent facts poorly
destroy one's health and make one feel almost insane* Clients in distress convey what they feel in
at times.âEUR¨âEUR¨* What they say
Emotional difficulties emerge around all kinds of legal* How they act
issues involving relationship and family break up. Mental* What they do
Health Professionals have long observed that the crisis* Attorneys should recognize the feelings verbally and
experience of people in divorce ranks at the top of thethen give the client the opportunity to respond
subjective Social Readjustment Rating Scales, secondLawyers function best at this stage. While listening we
only to death of a spouse; indeed, the consequencesshould consider how the event might have disrupted
of divorce may be more debilitating than the threat ofour client's life and goals. We should listen to what the
a jail term or the death of a close family member. Theevent (i.e., divorce, custody, move-away) means to the
experience of clients has profound implications not justclient. We should consider destructive propensities on
for effective lawyering, but to the larger contributionsthe part of the client in response to the crisis.
lawyers may offer to people and society in general.Examining Possible Solutions
Those contributions are what Keeva speaks to, andThe simple fact is that a client who seeks out an
why most of us decided to become attorneys onceattorney is attempting to cope with the crisis, a
upon a time, in a land that seems far, far away.powerful first step. Lawyers need to know about
Lawyers are front line responders to crisis, but weavailable community resources (clergy, shelters,
don't understand this role because nobody taught thisself-help groups, therapists). Because any given
to is - at best, we bump into this reality intuitively butsolution can seem to make sense at one moment or
then are at some loss to know what to do with it.another, the lawyer should evaluate with the client
Many attorneys claim they have no interest in dealingdifferent possible solutions.
with their client's emotions. Former Chief JusticeIt is imperative that over-eager lawyers not act too
Warren Burger famously criticized lawyer's lack ofquickly. We as lawyers need to question our motives.
technical experience with crisis, which has to someWe should encourage clients to do as much for
small extent changed law school training formats sothemselves as they can. We should question the truth
that some schools teach therapeutic skills as well asof the thought that our job ends with helping the client
legal skills. Yet, lawyers remain widely ignorant andrealize whatever goal they think will dispel the crisis, or
disinterested in holistic interventions to help their clients.that is it unseemly or unethical for us to act as
And, is this belief true? If we don't want to deal withexamples and guides. Exactly the opposite is true.
client emotions, family lawyers would be moreLegal solutions are likely to have their intended effect
productive forming corporations or defending insuranceonly if the client's needs are clearly understood and the
companies.client is motivated to cooperate with the attorney. This
Attorneys and staff have frequent contact withis impossible if we lack the interest in taking
individuals in crisis in family law settings. By recognizingresponsibility for who we have become and our place
and defusing intense feelings, points of view, andwithin the interlocking web of community.