Criminal Profiling - Fact or Fantasy?

In the field of criminology, real-world practitioners arewhen it comes to the fictionalization of killers. From
sometimes intrigued by the gullibility of humanwhich, we sometimes forget the horror of real
perceptions. Of which, later on, we see thetragedies and complexities of police investigations.
development of alleged expertise, purporting someInstead of the seductive fascination with the so called
new invention. Gee whiz gadgets and gizmos of feel"serial killer", suffice it to say their essentially
good "psycho-babble" interfere with the realisticmulti-murderers. Whether they're despots who commit
practical applications. These dreamlike conjecturesgenocide, demicide or ethnocide in the name of the
typically involve replacing fact with fiction.nation-state. Or, the lone gunman, who murders several
Pseudo-science that hasn't met the reliability of bonepeople at once. Each killer remains basically the same
fide experiential authenticity. Usually, this impulse totype of criminal, a murderer. Regardless of his or her
speculation derives from sensational news reports.motives, which may remain hidden. Killing another
Television dramas, talk show "experts" or creativehuman is still murder. Yet, with "serial killers" for
movie scripts fund the urban legends of criminalinstance, these multi-murderers often get top billing.
behavior theory. Careers are established, books areSummon the most "expert opinion" you can find. In
sold and movies unfold. Sooner or later, cottageresponse to such, we seem to relish in our dark side.
industries are born. Instant "experts" invent themselves.News reports or television dramas provoke the
Set up websites. Write stories about "serial killers"fascination with these killers in repetitive depictions. The
they've known. This is legerdemain of cunning tactics.mental matrix of the audience becomes lured by the
Intellectual fortune telling at its finest. Because suchdarkly appealing enticements. As the tales spin, the
things are tied to the commercialization of productpseudo-sciences of sociology and psychology,
over principle. So, it is remotely conceivable we'veequivocate theoretical constructs. The entertainment
been duped by the duplicity of "dangerous minds". And,continues. And, some intellectual potions strongly
that danger wears the black suited, dark sunglassesinfluence our criminal justice systems. Subsequently,
conformity of shadowy self-interests. They reside insocial policy emanates from hasty generalizations,
the hallowed sanctity of ivory towers and high levelunproven conjectures and spurious notions.
government offices. Places that produce the "serial"Chief among the pseudo-sciences, criminology
everything. From "serial" arsonist, to "serial" bankborrows from other fields of alleged scientific inquiry.
robbers, bombers and "serial" killers. Are the real "MenFrom which stem the theoretical conjecture of
in Black" those who capitalize on the fears and fretspossibilities, along with infectious shortcomings. Nothing
of simple minded naiveté?within the field of the "social and behavioral" sciences
Sometimes, agencies of governmental systemsshould be considered as any scientific. Understanding,
fabricate academic theory into social policy. A processdefining and investigating various modes of human
wherein the fallacy of inference leads to hastybehavior rests upon theoretical structures. Good
generalization. Then, at some point, pursued by theguesswork defines are comprehension of criminality.
entertainment industry, "scientific credibility"Speculations run the gamut of both bad and good
circumnavigates the factual reality. Transformationintentions. At the same time, practical applications call
occurs, and before you know it, the surreal hasout for a degree of veracity in the certainty of a logical
become the real. Two dimensional duplicity infusesconclusion. The truth begs for realistic credible
thinking with fanciful enchantments. Some Politicians,ownership, reinforced by solidification of innovative
the press, college professors and priestlyforensic evidence. By way of distraction, conjecture of
manifestations, are often very good at sleight of handopinion does not bear witness to the reliability of proof.
tactics. Thrilling adventures manifest the spurious notionIn the scheme of "criminal profiling", or "psychic profiling",
of figuring out the criminal "mind". Unfortunately, it is alllinguistic sleight of hand often conceals the crystal ball
too frequent that assumptions become models forof sociological trickery. Commercial exploitation by
implementation. Supposition, disguised as truth, end upsuch "psychics" and other fortunetellers, interfere with
influencing our criminal justice systems.effective law enforcement tactical operations.
As if such things were so simple when dealing withForsaking the sanctity of relevant facts, evidentiary
human thinking. Myth, legend and fable garner thenecessities and forensic analysis compete with
headlines and excitement of "solving" real-life criminality.apparitions of easy solutions. This provokes a leap to
This comes in particular regard to the abundance ofconclusions early in an investigation. Contradictions
media driven fascinations with alleged "criminal profiling".abound with the support of ambiguous assertions.
Not to forget either, the pleasured ecstasy ofIllusions of fact, supported by believable fictions, have
becoming a "psychic profiler". And, the growth industrymuch in common with palm readings and other
that surrounds it. Or, the careers developed as "criminaldivinations.
profilers". From academicians to non-practitioners of allAcross the modern landscape of social conformity,
types, the enthrallment seems endless. Regardless ofwe have become so used to "legendary" postulations
attendant observations, perceptions clutch the grips ofof "serial profilers". So much so, that we've accepted
fantastic assertions. Yet, human motives, intentions andthe thrilling prospect of easy solutions. Instead of
libidinous proclivities go unresolved. People do not fitmaximizing traditional detective processes, in which the
into clean cut categories affixed with clever labels.crime scene plays a key role. We now want the quick
Ideas, motives and emotions are complex and uniquesolution by looking for the criminal's "signature". Our
to each person. Integration of neural networks linkown sensual nature participates in our flirtation with
mysteriously intricate connections. People areinventive movie madness. By audacious imaginative
extraordinary in the secrecy of their multifariousclaims, today's detective genre now wants us to
inclinations. We alter actions, correct mistakes, set"read" motives, proclivities and intentions from the
priorities and evade detection. It is difficult to quantify acrime scene. Whereas, traditional investigative aspects
individual suspect in simplistic templates. Personalincluded careful crime scene analysis. Gathering the
curiosity, ambitious risk taking and immoralfacts of the case. Conducting neighborhood canvases.
decision-making remain hidden in the secrets each ofAnalyzing forensic implications of physical evidence.
us harbors.Posting bulletins through the media outlets. Using
The "mind" is a potent Alice in Wonderland hallucinationinformants, witnesses and so on. All of these are time
of the brain. Its illusions are quick to seize, size up andconsuming.
perceive essential data. At the same though, theBy contrast, we like the short cuts. That gets us into
psychic realm also renovates a recreation of thattroubled waters. However, consider this point. With all
which it receives. Subject to the vulnerably ofthe modern psycho-social aids to criminal investigations,
imagination, mental assessment are prone to power ofover the last fifty years. Aside from the excellent
suggestion. We know better though. Why else wouldadvances in the forensic sciences. How come our
we so readily think an unknown criminal could besolution rate is decreasing in the realm of violent
signaled out like a "psychological fingerprint"?crimes? Homicide is a good example. And, what about
Materializing some fanciful notion, like magic pulling aglobal homicide in general? After all, you'd think with
rabbit out of a hat. Misleading information, purportedlymillions spent on "criminal profiling", violent crimes would
based on "scientific research", over time, compoundsbecome non-existent. And, with the plethora of
the deception. Reporters quote official sources."experts", "profiling" career builders on the internet, and
Academicians cite other academicians, including news"psychic profiling" abilities, we should be ahead of the
reports. Politicians use obfuscated phraseology tomurder matrix. A lot of investment has gone into
double speak critical situations. From "leading questions",solving less than one percent of the crime index. Of
to "suggestive comments", the propagandawhich, the gap between clearance and unsolved is
complicates the matters at hand.increasing. In addition, if you're rounding up the suspects,
The collusion of myth over authenticity confuses whatfollowing up clues, and assessing factual components.
might be true and what might be false. Deception lurksThen how effective is a "profile" anyway? Most of the
closer to edges of certainty more often than not. Astime, information garnered from the public breaks the
opposed to what is actually credible scientific data,case. Solvability doesn't rest on just getting one or two
based on replicated proof. In police work, this isspecifics correct after the fact. It's before the fact that
potentially disadvantageous to serious investigativewe need the analytical logic of the gathering significant
processes, such as homicide. For the police officer, it'sdetails.
all about the evidence trail. Not the rabbit hunt.Often, in these "psychic" excursions, we later discover
Scientifically verifiable confirmations of forensicthe unknown suspect turns out very different than the
applications remain crucial. Instead of a magic wane"profile" offered as a guess. Some are older, when
waving an instant "profile", we should focus on crimethought to be younger. Others surprise us by being
scene analysis. What does the physical evidence tellAfrican American instead of Caucasian. Still, some are
us? That cause-effect relationship between the crimeprofessional as opposed to blue collar. For the police
scene, the victim, witness and probable perpetrator.officer, such things aren't helpful if they're half right,
Yet, the public's scope of entertainment has becomesometimes right and most of the time highly
mesmerized by the alleged "scientific" approaches.speculative. If research suggests, as in one study, that
These are steeped in the pop culture of fad, fashion"profiling", at best, only aided in two percent (2%) of the
and flashy sexiness buff actors. In the long run, wecases. Then our resources, assets and personnel
confuse junk science with real police work.need to be channeled into more productive probabilities.
Criminalisitcs, in verifiable replications of credibility, takeAlso, in the proactive investigative process, we need
time. And, we're about immediate gratification. Usually,to realize good budgets bust bad guys. That translates
this has a political agenda attached.into officer training, education, experience, salaries,
The television exploitation of the heroic "criminalequipment and so forth. Not just clever typologies,
profilers" masks the reality of the hard workingputting people, places and things into convenient
real-world police officers, lab techs and criminalists.categories. Human behavior, and its alter ego, criminal
Even though that's the entertainment business, thenature, are much more complex than we'd like to
public, the press, politicians and some professors,believe. By contrast though, make-believe makes
transform fables into real life scenarios. Conjure upbetter headlines. Especially if you can make your
studies, theories and myriad speculations. Such fallaciespredictions so vague, general and superficial, the
of inference misguide us from the veracity of realisticinference will work no matter what the outcome. It's a
authenticities. More often than not, we find thekind of shotgun approach under the pretext of
communal imagination captivated by "getting inside the"forensic psychology". Whereby you suggest a whole
criminal mind". As if that were a place easily accessed.bunch of possibilities. If you're wrong, in time, the errors
Imagine climbing inside something that's an illusionwill be forgotten. Media attention will focus on what
created by neural networks. How do you get insideyou guessed correctly. So, is "criminal profiling" fact or
smoke and mirrors? You simply find a conduit, whichfantasy? Fairy tales are wonderful entertainment.
appears to bridge imaginative notions betweenHowever, they're not amusing in the totality of the
scientific methods and magical psychic abilities. Like thereal-world murder rate and subsequent body count.
grinning Cheshire cat, you here one minute and goneReferences:
the next.Blakeslee, S., Blakeslee, M., "Where the Mind and Body
Essentially, credible relevant data are woefully deficientMeet", Scientific American Mind Magazine, August
when it comes to the contentions of "criminal profilers".September 2007, Volume 18, Number 4, Scientific
Not only that, but also the weight of significant scientificAmerican, Inc., New York, NY; pages 50-51;
studies to support such claims. So, the question isWade, C., Tavris, C., Psychology - Eighth Edition, (Upper
asked, is criminal profiling fact or fantasy? PersonalSaddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2006) pages
agenda or what? Our attraction to the crimes of349;
murderers lures us to realm of homicidalMuller, D.A., "Criminal Profiling - Real Science or Just
misconceptions. Multi-murderers are very popular in allWishful Thinking?, Homicide Studies, Vol.4 No.
kinds of genre. Non-practitioners are very creative