Counseling Techniques and Skills - An Introduction

The psychological counseling process follows abrainstorming with the client about how to start moving
defined path of steps in a sequence. It is important totowards a lasting solution.
follow this process because of the power of humanGoal Setting
emotions and because of the real need to arrive at a'So what do you really want?' becomes the start of
desired outcome of the counseling.finding goals that really follow the interests and desires
Listening and Observationof the client. The question, 'what would you need to do
The first step is one of active listening and observingfirst?' leads to sub goals and tasks that must be
the client. Is he or she relaxed or disturbed andfulfilled in order to achieve the primary goal. The
agitated? Can eye contact be held or is the person'scounselor's goal is to draw this information out of the
attention darting and being deflected everywhere? Isperson instead of imposing one's values and beliefs.
the body language telling you something? Is the bodyReinforcement
posture generally open or closed and defensive? (SelfSystematically rewarding all progress including any
protective.)'baby steps' taken in the right direction; i.e., towards the
Facing Negative Emotionsagreed upon goals. Reward in this context of
Are there any clearly dominant negative emotionscounseling means giving the person your focused
such as anxiety, fear, anger or guilt? These will needattention, acceptance, approval and praise. These
to be acknowledged and 'fed back' to the client associal reinforcers are very potent in supporting
being observable, real events that need to be dealtchanges in behavior.
with. Unless these negative feelings are activelyConclusion
confronted, no progress can be made with behaviorAs you are beginning to realize, counseling techniques
modification and with goal setting. This task ofare not particularly complicated, but they do need to
providing feedback on negativity and bringing strongfollow a set order or sequence. In fact, psychological
emotions into the light of day may take a considerablecounseling may be summarized in two rather direct
amount of time over several one hour sessions.questions:
Statements like, 'I see you are really angry about1. 'How are you feeling?'
something' can be helpful. Also, 'so you've been2. 'What do you want?'
worrying a lot lately.'The psychology here looks at first glance to be
Positive Suggestion and Optionsoversimplified, but is it really? Results will follow when
Some suggestions like, 'you can do something aboutthis sequence is used with the appropriate sensitivity
this,' may be timely and empowering. Build up theand empathy. Take care with other people and
perception of skills and self esteem. 'You have realalways remember to consult a trained and registered
ability and you can learn more skills to beat this thing.health practitioner when confronting mental health
Deep inside, you can imagine now and think up someproblems of severity, when human life may be at risk.
solutions.'This article is provided for educational purposes only. It
'What are the options facing you?' leads to a creativeis not intended for therapeutic application.