ADHD Genetics and Environmental Interactions Determine the Presence and Severity of Symptoms

The ADHD community has long been divided overGenetic and environmental (GxE) effects have been
whether environmental factors such as diet, allergies,shown to in combination play a significant roll in the
or environmental toxins affect the symptoms ofexpression of symptoms in a number of mental health
ADHD. There are individuals who insist that theconditions. According to a recent study published in the
consumption of artificial sweeteners and colors result inEuropean Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; " G x E
a greater incidence of the symptoms of ADHD. Thereeffects have been seen across a wide range of
are many studies that indicate that individuals whomental disorders (e.g., ADHD, anxiety, schizophrenia,
consume more Omega-3 fatty acids have a lessersubstance abuse disorder) implicating a wide range of
incidence of ADHD and some studies indicate anmeasured genes and measured environments."
improvement of symptoms using vitamin supplementsThe authors of the European Journal article have
such as iron or zinc. There are many other individualsrecommended that in order to prevent and treat these
who argue that ADHD is genetic and that no diet ormental illnesses, the interplay of genetics and
environmental intervention will alter the expression ofenvironmental factors must be thoroughly studied. The
ADHD symptoms.studies done to date have been small, un-replicated
Much of the scientific community has recently come toand lacking in specificity regarding genetic phenotypes
the conclusion that both of these camps are probablyand environmental risks. Let us hope that larger and
wrong. Scientists the world over, in the light of recentrigorous investigations into the genetic and
genetic discoveries, are agreeing that the question ofenvironmental factors which predispose us to the
nature vs. nature is no longer relevant. It is becomingsymptoms of ADHD are performed soon. Once these
increasingly clear that it is the interplay of geneticstudies are completed the risks of ADHD will come
factors and environmental factors that results in theinto a clearer light.
expression of many mental health disease