A Growing Problem: Teen Obesity

Teen obesity has reached nearly epidemic proportionscause more harm to the teenager's health than
in recent years. The American Heart Association andpotential surgery risks. Still, gastric banding is one of the
the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preventionmost commonly performed weight loss surgical
state that between 15% and 33% of adolescents inprocedures for teens, coupled with a multi-disciplinary
the United States alone are overweight. The increaseapproach to weight loss and weight loss management
in overweight and obese teenagers has also increasedthat includes nutritional education by certified
the number of teens being diagnosed with diabetes,nutritionists, psychological counseling by trained and
hypertension, high cholesterol, and other physicalexperienced psychologists, and certified fitness
problems.instructors.
Obesity is defined as a body weight roughly 10%Considerations for Teen Obesity Surgery
higher than recommended according to body type andThe American Academy of Pediatrics devised
height. Unfortunately, obesity causes an alarmingguidelines under which teenagers might be considered
300,000 deaths annually in the United States alone, at afor weight loss surgery. These guidelines include:
cost of nearly 1 billion dollars a year.- Failure, following six or more months, of continuous
According to the American Academy of Child andattempt at weight loss or weight management
Adolescent Psychiatry, medical conditions andprograms.
disorders are responsible for approximately 1% of all- Requiring the teen to have attained full skeletal
teens diagnosed as being overweight or obese, whilegrowth, meaning 13 years of age or older for girls, and
overeating and lack of exercise make up the majority.15 years of age or older for boys.
Major contributing factors to teen obesity include:- Body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 with a
- Low self esteemobesity-related problem such as diabetes, sleep apnea,
- Lack of exercisehigh blood pressure, joint problems, or breathing
- Poor eating and nutritional habitsdifficulties, among others to be determined by the
One can argue that the plethora of fast foodteenager's physician.
restaurants on every corner has contributed to theA teenager undergoing weight loss treatments or
general rise of weight in teens caused by high fat, highprocedures should be willing, able and mature enough
calorie, and high sugar menu items. In addition to theto maintain a strict nutritional diet that adheres to
physical manifestations that obesity may cause, teensbariatric surgery guidelines following surgery such as
who are overweight may also experience emotionalgastric bypass or lap banding.
difficulties, that when coupled with obesity, may causeThe two most commonly performed weight loss
anxiety, depression, withdrawal, lack of self-confidencesurgical procedures for teens have included the
and self-esteem and even the development of someRoux-en-Y gastric bypass and adjustable gastric
obsessive-compulsive disorders.banding procedure. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass involves
Treatment of Obesity in Teensstapling a portion of the stomach and attaching a
Obesity in teens may be treated with a variety ofY-shaped section of the small intestine to the newly
options, from medications to surgery.  However, anycreated stomach pouch so food bypasses the first
weight loss treatment for teenagers should focus onportion of the intestine, reducing the amount of food
providing long-term benefits that includes educationdigested and absorbed by the body.
regarding exercise programs, building healthy andLap banding utilizes the placement of an elastic band
nutritional dietary habits, and family support.around a portion of the stomach to decrease its size.
Weight loss treatment centers and support groups areThis procedure is adjustable and removable.
a growing popular option among teenagers, as areConclusion
adolescent weight loss and obesity surgicalWhile bariatric surgery may provide physical benefits
procedures. Nevertheless, teen bariatric surgicaland aid to weight loss endeavors for teenagers, such
procedures represent less than 1% of weight lossprocedures must be combined with education,
surgical procedures, based on the Archives ofcounseling, and support in order to be successful and
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.to encourage long-term weight loss and weight loss
In most cases, bariatric surgeons will only recommendmaintenance.
bariatric surgical procedures if weight may potentially