| IntroductionObesity is the most common
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| | obesity. However, there has been
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| health problem facing children today. It
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| | increasing research into the role of
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| has been suggested that obese children
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| | exercise in improving mental well-being,
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| have increased problems with self-esteem
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| | including global self-esteem.Sufficient
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| and depression when compared to the
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| | evidence now exists for the effectiveness
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| normal pediatric population. Research in
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| | of exercise in the treatment of clinical
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| exercise and depression is persuasively
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| | depression and low self-esteem.
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| showing how exercise may be elemental in
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| | Additionally, exercise has a moderate
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| treating low self-esteem. Moderate
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| | reducing effect on state and trait
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| exercise seems to be the most effective
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| | anxiety and can improve physical
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| intensity in reducing depression and
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| | self-perceptions and in some cases,
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| increasing levels of self-esteem. This
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| | global self-esteem. There is also good
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| literature review will illustrate what
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| | evidence that aerobic and resistance
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| other researchers have found and
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| | exercise (weight training) enhances mood
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| concluded in a.) finding a relationship
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| | states, and weaker evidence that exercise
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| between self-esteem and obesity, b.) the
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| | can improve cognitive function (Fox,
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| effects of exercise on self-esteem, c.)
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| | 1999).One study which supports the
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| studies on motivation among children, and
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| | fundamentals of CHAMP is revealed in the
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| d.) the need for more research.Finding A
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| | Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical
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| RelationshipIn order to establish a
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| | Fitness. In the study, 37 males and 28
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| relationship between obesity and
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| | females participated in a 10-week
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| self-esteem, a Rosenberg Self-esteem
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| | exercise program. Participants were
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| Scale was administered to 550 14 and 16
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| | selected from existing classes forming
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| year old girls. Self-esteem scores were
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| | weight training, aerobic exercise, and
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| categorized by weight and weight by
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| | activity control group. Results revealed
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| height. Scores on the Quetelet Index for
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| | change in physical self-perception,
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| Obesity were correlated with self-esteem
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| | strength, and body composition.
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| scores. Mean self-esteem of the
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| | Improvements in physical self-perceptions
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| low-and-middle weight by height group was
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| | and fitness occurred independent of the
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| higher than the mean of the high weight
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| | exercise group. Correlations among the
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| group. In analyzing weight alone, the
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| | measures revealed relationships among
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| self-esteem of the middle-weight group
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| | physical self-perceptions, body
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| was significantly higher than the
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| | satisfaction, global self-esteem, and
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| self-esteem of the high-weight group. The
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| | fitness (Caruso & Gill, 1992).Study of
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| correlation of the obesity index and
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| | MotivationIn order to study motivation
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| self-esteem indicated that as weight
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| | among obese children, a study used a body
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| increased, self-esteem decreased (Martin,
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| | video distortion method to compare their
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| Housley, & McCoy, 1988).In another study,
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| | body image with the body perception of
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| the relationship between obesity and
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| | non-obese peers. A standardized series of
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| self-esteem was examined
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| | body size estimations were used:
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| cross-sectionally and prospectively over
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| | cognitive (what subject "think" they look
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| three years in a cohort of 1278
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| | like), affective (what they "feel" they
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| adolescents in grades 7 to 9 at baseline.
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| | look like), and optative (what they
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| Cross-sectional analysis revealed an
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| | "wish" they looked like). Forty-one obese
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| inverse association between physical
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| | children (16 boys and 25 girls; average
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| appearance self-esteem and body mass
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| | 12 years old) and 42 age-matched control
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| index in both males and females. In
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| | subjects compared percentages of
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| females, body mass index was inversely
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| | deviation from the accurate body image.
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| associated with global self-esteem, close
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| | The results showed that obese children
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| friendship, and behavioral conduct. In
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| | were more accurate in estimating their
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| males, body mass index was inversely
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| | real body width, but desired to reduce
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| associated with athletic and romantic
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| | their body size by about 25% (Probst,
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| appeal. These results suggest that low
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| | Braet, & De Vos, 1995).The significance
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| self-esteem may be an important factor in
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| | of exercise as a healthy related behavior
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| preventing or reversing obesity (French,
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| | has brought forth the need to address
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| Perry, Leon, & Fulkerson, 1996).A study
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| | motivational problems associated with its
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| by Strauss supports data from Martin,
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| | adoption and maintenance. In this
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| Housely, and McCoy. Straus's data
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| | respect, exercise psychology research
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| demonstrates that negative weight
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| | would appear to provide potential for
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| perceptions are particularly common among
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| | guiding significant public health
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| young adolescent white females, which
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| | initiatives. Cognitions about
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| reveals that young obese adolescent
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| | self-perceived quality of life vary
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| females show the lowest levels of
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| | across the stages of change, with those
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| self-esteem. Nevertheless, negative
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| | who are least prepared to adopt regular
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| perceptions of obesity also exist among
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| | exercise reporting the lowest levels of
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| adolescent boys. The data also
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| | quality of life. These finding suggests
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| demonstrates significant social
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| | that cognitive-motivational messages
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| consequences of decreasing self-esteem in
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| | designed to emphasize quality of life
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| obese children. Obese children with
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| | benefits associated with exercise may be
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| decreasing levels of self-esteem showed
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| | useful intervention strategies for people
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| significantly elevated levels of
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| | who are less motivationally ready for
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| loneliness, sadness, and nervousness.
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| | change (Laforge & Rossi, 1999).To remedy
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| Although these efforts are not unique for
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| | the localized problem of motivation,
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| obese children, they are nevertheless
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| | CHAMP has incorporated the use of
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| quite important because nearly 70% of
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| | one-on-one fitness specialists who act
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| white obese females demonstrated
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| | not only as instructors, but as mentors
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| decreasing levels of self-esteem by early
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| | also.In general, research has
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| adolescence (Strauss, 2000).Additional
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| | demonstrated that engaging in exercise
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| studies need to focus on whether positive
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| | and physical activity significantly
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| family or social interactions can
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| | enhances mental health and can increase
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| alleviate the negative psychosocial
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| | self-esteem. Extensive
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| effects of adolescent obesity. Strauss
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| | meta-analysis states that exercise has a
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| concludes that children with obese
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| | positive impact on enhancing mood,
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| mothers, low family incomes, and lower
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| | self-concept, and self-esteem. In
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| cognitive stimulation have significantly
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| | addition, feelings of depression, anger,
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| higher risks of developing obesity,
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| | and anxiety tend to dissipate after
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| independent of other demographic and
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| | exercise (Greenberg & Oglesby, 1999).Need
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| socio-economic factors. In contrast,
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| | for More ResearchMany questions still
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| increased rates of obesity in black
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| | exist regarding the combination of
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| children, children with lower family
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| | specific modes of exercise with different
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| education, and non-professional parents
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| | intensities and their resulting
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| may be mediated through the confounding
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| | productivity. Studies show that
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| effects of low income and lower levels of
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| | resistance training is beneficial, but
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| cognitive stimulation (Strauss & Knight,
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| | not much is known on intensity and
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| 1999).Effects of ExerciseThe case for
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| | duration.The relationship between
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| exercise and health has primarily been
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| | self-esteem and obesity has not received
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| made on its impact on diseases such as
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| | a great deal of empirical evaluation
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| coronary heart disease, diabetes, and
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| | using strong research methodologies.
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