| Ever since Freud, more women than men
| |
| | more fuzzy the diagnostic criteria, the
|
| sought therapy. Consequently, terms like
| |
| | more the diagnostician relies on
|
| "hysteria' are intimately connected to
| |
| | stereotypes (Widiger, 1998).
|
| female physiology and alleged female
| |
| | Quotes from the Literature
|
| psychology. The DSM (Diagnostic and
| |
| | "Specifically, past research suggests
|
| Statistical Manual, the bible of the
| |
| | that exploitive tendencies and open
|
| psychiatric profession) expressly
| |
| | displays of feelings of entitlement will
|
| professes gender bias: personality
| |
| | be less integral to narcissism for
|
| disorders such as Borderline and
| |
| | females than for males. For females such
|
| Histrionic are supposed to be more common
| |
| | displays may carry a greater possibility
|
| among women. but the DSM is rather
| |
| | of negative social sanctions because they
|
| even-handed: other personality disorders
| |
| | would violate stereotypical gender-role
|
| (e.g., the Narcissistic and Antisocial as
| |
| | expectancies for women, who are expected
|
| well as the Schizotypal,
| |
| | to engage in such positive social
|
| Obsessive-Compulsive, Schizoid, and
| |
| | behavior as being tender, compassionate,
|
| Paranoid) are more prevalent among men.
| |
| | warm, sympathetic, sensitive, and
|
| Why this gender disparity? There are a
| |
| | understanding.
|
| few possible answers:
| |
| | In females, Exploitiveness/Entitlement is
|
| Maybe personality disorders are not
| |
| | less well-integrated with the other
|
| objective clinical entities, but
| |
| | components of narcissism as measured by
|
| culture-bound syndromes. In other words,
| |
| | the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
|
| perhaps they reflect biases and value
| |
| | (NPI) - Leadership/Authority,
|
| judgments. Some patriarchal societies are
| |
| | Self-absorption/Self-admiration, and
|
| also narcissistic. They emphasize
| |
| | Superiority/Arrogance- than in males -
|
| qualities such as individualism and
| |
| | though 'male and female narcissists in
|
| ambition, often identified with virility.
| |
| | general showed striking similarities in
|
| Hence the preponderance of pathological
| |
| | the manner in which most of the facets of
|
| narcissism among men. Women, on the other
| |
| | narcissism were integrated with each
|
| hand, are widely believed to be
| |
| | other'."
|
| emotionally labile and clinging. This is
| |
| | Gender differences in the structure of
|
| why most Borderlines and Dependents are
| |
| | narcissism: a multi-sample analysis of
|
| females.
| |
| | the narcissistic personality inventory -
|
| Upbringing and environment, the process
| |
| | Brian T. Tschanz, Carolyn C. Morf,
|
| of socialization and cultural mores all
| |
| | Charles W. Turner - Sex Roles: A Journal
|
| play an important role in the
| |
| | of Research - Issue: May, 1998
|
| pathogenesis of personality disorders.
| |
| | "Women leaders are evaluated negatively
|
| These views are not fringe: serious
| |
| | if they exercise their authority and are
|
| scholars (e.g., Kaplan and Pantony, 1991)
| |
| | perceived as autocratic."
|
| claim that the mental health profession
| |
| | Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G., &
|
| is inherently sexist.
| |
| | Klonsky, B. G. (1992). Gender and the
|
| Then again, genetics may be is at work.
| |
| | evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis.
|
| Men and women do differ genetically. This
| |
| | Psychological Bulletin, 111, 3-22, and
|
| may account for the variability of the
| |
| | ...
|
| occurrence of specific personality
| |
| | Butler, D., & Gels, F. L. (1990).
|
| disorders in men and women.
| |
| | Nonverbal affect responses to male and
|
| Some of the diagnostic criteria are
| |
| | female leaders: Implications for
|
| ambiguous or even considered "normal" by
| |
| | leadership evaluations. Journal of
|
| the majority of the population.
| |
| | Personality and Social Psychology, 58,
|
| Histrionics "consistently use physical
| |
| | 48-59.
|
| appearance to draw attention to self."
| |
| | "Competent women must also appear to be
|
| Well, who doesn't in Western society? Why
| |
| | sociable and likable in order to
|
| when a woman clings to a man it is
| |
| | influence men - men must only appear to
|
| labeled "codependence", but when a man
| |
| | be competent to achieve the same results
|
| relies on a woman to maintain his home,
| |
| | with both genders."
|
| take care of his children, choose his
| |
| | Carli, L. L., Lafleur, S. J., & Loeber,
|
| attire, and prop his ego it is
| |
| | C. C. (1995). Nonverbal behavior, gender,
|
| "companionship" (Walker, 1994)?
| |
| | and influence. Journal of Personality and
|
| The less structured the interview and the
| |
| | Social Psychology, 68, 1030-1041.
|
